World Water Day Ghana’ case: The Impact of Illegal Mining on Rivers and Streams in Ghana
Solomon Amfoh, Senior Environmental Officer at Institute Of Green Growth Solutions, Accra
World Water Day, observed annually on March 22, underscores the vital importance of freshwater resources, with this year’s theme, Glaciers Preservation focusing on ways to preserve glaciers. Glaciers are found in polar regions like Antarctica and the Arctic, as well as high-altitude mountains.
They serve as a critical freshwater reserve, water for drinking, agriculture, and ecosystems, while also playing a pivotal role in regulating the global climate. However, glaciers are rapidly shrinking due to climate change, rising temperatures, and human activities, threatening the water security of millions.
To protect these glaciers, immediate action is required, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, adopting sustainable practices, and reinforcing global climate agreements.
On this occasion, Ghana’s water resources require urgent attention due to the substantial effects of human activities on their long-term sustainability. Lentic water systems, which are vital to the nation’s economy, food security, and livelihoods, play a key role in supporting these sectors. Emphasizing the importance of these resources is crucial to ensure their preservation and sustainable management for future generations.
Ghana is blessed with numerous rivers and streams, including the Volta, Pra, Ankobra, and Tano rivers, which serve as major sources of freshwater for millions of people. These water bodies support agriculture, industry, and domestic use while sustaining diverse aquatic ecosystems. However, many of these rivers and streams are under severe stress due to pollution, over-extraction, and habitat destruction. The Pra River, for instance, has seen significant degradation in recent years, with its once-clear waters turning muddy and contaminated.
The importance of rivers and streams in Ghana cannot be overstated. They provide drinking water, support irrigation for farming, and generate hydroelectric power, which is crucial for the country’s energy needs. Additionally, these water bodies are integral to the livelihoods of local communities, particularly those engaged in fishing and farming. Rivers and streams also play a key role in maintaining biodiversity, hosting a variety of fish species and other aquatic life. Their health is directly linked to the well-being of both people and the environment.
Unfortunately, illegal mining activities are wreaking havoc on Ghana’s rivers and streams. Miners often use heavy machinery and toxic chemicals like mercury and cyanide to extract gold, which has led to the pollution of water bodies. Sedimentation from mining activities has clogged rivers, reduced water quality and disrupted aquatic ecosystems. The contamination of rivers like the Ankobra and Birim has rendered water unsafe for drinking and irrigation, posing serious health risks to communities. Furthermore, deforestation associated with illegal mining contributes to soil erosion, further degrading riverbanks and streams.
Protecting Ghana’s rivers and streams from illegal mining requires a multi-faceted approach. Strengthening law enforcement to curb illegal mining activities is crucial, as is increasing public awareness about the devastating effects of galamsey. The government, in collaboration with local communities, must promote sustainable mining practices and provide alternative livelihoods for those engaged in illegal mining. Reforestation efforts along riverbanks must be done to prevent erosion and restore degraded ecosystems. Additionally, investing in water treatment facilities can mitigate the impact of pollution, ensuring access to clean water for all.
On this World Water Day, it is imperative to recognize the urgent need to safeguard Ghana’s rivers and streams. Addressing the root causes of illegal mining and implementing effective conservation measures will ensure that these vital water resources continue to sustain life and livelihoods for generations to come. The fight against galamsey is not just about protecting water; it is about securing the future of Ghana.
The author, Solomon Amfoh, is a Senior Environmental Officer at the Institute of Green Growth Solutions, Accra
